Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2625-2632

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-12

Mechanisms of Gentamicin Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes: A Mini Review

(Mekanisme Rintangan Gentamisin dalam Listeria monocytogenes: Suatu Kajian Mini)

HIEN FUH NG^#, JAMIE MAY LING NG^# & YUN FONG NGEOW*

Dr. Wu Lien-Teh Centre for Research in Communicable Diseases, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 24 June 2023/Accepted: 28 August 2023

Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive foodborne pathogen capable of causing a foodborne infectionknown as listeriosis. There are two main types of listeriosis: a non-invasive gastroenteritis and an invasive infection which is often associated with a high mortality and hospitalization rate among susceptible individuals. Gentamicin, used as an adjunct therapy with ampicillin, remains the treatment of choice for the life-threatening invasive listeriosis. Nevertheless, there is little data on gentamicin resistance determinants in L. monocytogenes. Several well-controlled studies have reported that mechanisms of gentamicin resistance in this organism involve active efflux and genetic determinants that affect the uptake of the antibiotic through altered membrane potential. This mini review summarises current knowledge of genetic determinants of gentamicin resistance in L. monocytogenes, with the aim of contributing information that could facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic approaches to overcome, delay or avoid developments of drug resistance in this foodborne pathogen.

Keywords: atpG2; efflux; gentamicin resistance mechanisms; heme gene; Listeria monocytogenes; membrane potential

Abstrak

Listeria monocytogenes ialah patogen bawaan makanan Gram-positif yang mampu menyebabkan jangkitan bawaan makanan yang dikenali sebagai listeriosis. Terdapat dua jenis listeriosis utama: gastroenteritis bukan invasif dan jangkitan invasif yang sering dikaitkan dengan kadar kematian yang tinggi dan kemasukan ke hospital dalam kalangan individu yang terdedah. Gentamisin yang digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan dengan ampisilin, kekal sebagai rawatan pilihan untuk listeriosis invasif yang mengancam nyawa. Namun begitu, terdapat sedikit data tentang penentu rintangan gentamisin dalam L. monocytogenes. Beberapa kajian terkawal telah melaporkan bahawa mekanisme rintangan gentamisin dalam organisma ini melibatkan efluks aktif dan penentu genetik yang mempengaruhi pengambilan antibiotik melalui potensi membran yang diubah. Kajian mini ini meringkaskan pengetahuan semasa tentang penentu genetik rintangan gentamisin dalam L. monocytogenes bertujuan untuk menyumbang maklumat yang boleh memudahkan penemuan pendekatan terapeutik baharu untuk mengatasi, menangguhkan atau mengelakkan perkembangan rintangan dadah dalam patogen bawaan makanan ini.

Kata kunci: atpG2; efluks; gen heme; Listeria monocytogenes; mekanisme rintangan gentamisin; potensi membran

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*Corresponding author; email: ngeowyf@utar.edu.my